Bio-topics

Animals are marine, fresh water or terrestrial parasitic worm. Body is cylindrical, bilaterally symmetrical and covered by cuticle covering. Body show adaptations for parasitic mode of life. Body –cavity is pseudocoel. Digestive system is complete with mouth and anus. Respiration takes place by gaseous exchange. Circulatory system is absent. Sexual reproduction is found.  Sexes are separate. Internal fertilization occurs. Ex- Ascaris  etc. Ascaris Male & Female

This phylum includes “flat animals”. Animals are aquatic (fresh water or marine) or terrestrial free-living or parasitic. Body is bilaterally symmetrical, triplobastic and dorsoventrally flat. Digestive system is incomplete and without anus. Other systems are absent. Excretion takes place  with the help of  flame cell or protonephridia. Animals are hermaphrodite and sexual reproduction takes place.      Ex- Flat-worm, Tape-worm etc. Liver-Fluke Tape-worm

The animals are aquatic, mostly marine. These may be of two type i.e. medusa (free living) and polyps (sessile). Animals are radially symmetrical. Animals are diploblastic (body wall consists two layers outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis separated by mesoglea. Body cavity is called gastrocoel and forms gut without anus. Stinging cells i.e. nematocysts are found in body. Reproduction is asexual (budding) and sexual. Fertilization is external. Ex-Hydra ,Jellyfish,Sea-anemone etc. Hydra  Hydra Jelly-fish

                             ·                This phylum includes “Pore bearing animals”. Animals are aquatic , irregular, asymmetrical and mostly sessile. Body bears “Pores” on body .Opening of pore is called “Ostium”. Canal system is found in body Canal system is lined with “Collar cells” these generates water current .This water current is helpful in feeding, respiration and other vital activities.       Most animals are bisexual .Vegetative reproduction is seen in animals. Ex- Sycon ,Spongilla ,etc .

Animalia ·         Animalia is the kingdom of animals.Animals show following features-       Animals are multi-cellular organisms . ·         Cells are eukaryotic and without cell-wall. ·         Animals are hetrotrophic. ·         Animals are motile. ·         Sexual reproduction is seen in animals. ·         Animals are categorized in various phyla i.e. Porifera,Coelenterates,Platyhelminthes,Nematoda,Annelida ,Arthropoda ,mollusca, Echinodermata ,Hemichordata ,Chordata .

Plantae (Plants) An Angiospermic Plant   Plants show following features- ·        Plants are eukaryotic. ·        Cell of plants has cell-wall, made of cellulose. ·        Plants are autotrophic because plants have chlorophyll. ·        Plants make their own food in the process of “Photosynthesis”. ·        Plants show “alternation of generation” in which they show two phases i.e. gametophytic and sporophytic stage alternately. ·        Plants are divided into various groups like Thallophyta ,Bryophyta, Pteridophyta,Gymnosprem and Angiosperms

      Fungi  ·         Fungi are plant like eukaryotic organisms. ·         These are multicllular . Yeast is unicellular . ·         Cell- wall  of fungi is made of  chitin and other non-cellulosic  carbohydrate. ·         Body of fungi is composed of thread like structure i.e. hyphae . The network of hyphae is known as Mycelium. ·         Fungi are saprophytic. ·         Asexual reproduction  takes placeby spore formation.Sexual reproduction is also seen.       Ex- Mushroom ,Rhizopus,etc.                       ...